Prime and Composite Numbers
Identifying Prime and Composite Numbers
Learning Standards
Content Standard
The learner demonstrates understanding of factors, multiples, and divisibility
Performance Standard
The learner is able to apply knowledge of factors and multiples in problem solving
Learning Competency
Identify and differentiate prime and composite numbers
Code: M5NS-Ia-56
Complete Lesson Plan
Learning Objectives
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Define prime and composite numbers
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Identify whether a number is prime or composite
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List factors of a given number
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Distinguish between prime and composite numbers through examples
Lesson Procedures
motivation
Number Detective Game: 'I'm thinking of a number that can only be divided by 1 and itself. What makes this number special?'
presentation
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Present number 7: Ask students to find all factors of 7
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Factors of 7: 1 and 7 only (exactly 2 factors)
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Explain: 7 is a PRIME NUMBER because it has exactly 2 factors
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Present number 6: Ask students to find all factors of 6
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Factors of 6: 1, 2, 3, 6 (more than 2 factors)
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Explain: 6 is a COMPOSITE NUMBER because it has more than 2 factors
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Special case: Number 1 has only 1 factor (itself), so it is neither prime nor composite
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Show prime numbers 1-20: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19
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Note: 2 is the only even prime number
generalization
Questions:
- What is a prime number?
- What is a composite number?
- Why is 1 neither prime nor composite?
- Is 2 prime or composite? Why is it special?
guided practice
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Identify together:
| Number | Factors | Prime or Composite? | |--------|---------|--------------------| | 9 | 1, 3, 9 | Composite | | 11 | 1, 11 | Prime | | 15 | 1, 3, 5, 15 | Composite |
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Practice: Circle prime numbers, box composite numbers: 8, 13, 4, 17, 21, 23
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Use the Sieve of Eratosthenes activity: Cross out composite numbers from 1-50
independent practice
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Activity 1: List all factors and identify if prime or composite:
- Number 14: Factors = ____ (Prime/Composite)
- Number 19: Factors = ____ (Prime/Composite)
- Number 20: Factors = ____ (Prime/Composite)
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Activity 2: Write all prime numbers between:
- 10 and 20: ________
- 20 and 30: ________
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Activity 3: True or False
- All even numbers are composite (____)
- 1 is a prime number (____)
- 2 is a prime number (____)
preliminary activities
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Prayer and greetings
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Review of factors and multiples
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Quick drill: List all factors of 12, 15, 18
Assessment
answers
- 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24
- Composite (has more than 2 factors)
- Any 5 from: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29
- Prime (only factors are 1 and 29)
- 10, 18, 25
evaluation
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Answer:
- List all factors of 24
- Is 24 prime or composite? Why?
- List 5 prime numbers less than 30
- Is 29 prime or composite? Explain
- Circle the composite numbers: 7, 10, 13, 18, 23, 25
Materials & Resources
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Multiplication chart
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Number cards 1-30
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Colored markers for highlighting
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Manila paper
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Sieve of Eratosthenes worksheet
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Factor trees activity sheets
assignment
Homework:
- Make a list of all prime numbers from 1 to 50
- Choose 5 composite numbers and list all their factors
- Research: Who discovered prime numbers?
Remarks:
- Use visual aids to help students remember prime vs composite
- Create a classroom prime number chart for reference
subject matter
Topic: Prime and Composite Numbers
Key Concepts:
- Prime numbers have exactly 2 factors: 1 and the number itself
- Composite numbers have more than 2 factors
- 1 is neither prime nor composite (special number)
- Examples: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13 are prime numbers
- Examples: 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12 are composite numbers
Materials:
- Multiplication chart
- Number cards 1-30
- Colored markers
- Manila paper
- Factor trees worksheet